National Study of Protective, Preventive and Reunification Services Delivered to Children and Their Families - Table of Contents

National Study of Protective, Preventive and Reunification Services Delivered to Children and Their Families - Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Child Welfare Services Before 1980
1.2 Purpose and Provisions of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-272)
1.3 Child Welfare Services After 1980
1.4 Trends in State and Local Child Welfare Service Delivery

1.4.1 Development of Family Preservation and Home-Based Service Programs
1.4.2 Movement Towards Culturally-Appropriate Casework
1.4.3 Expansion and Formalization of Kinship Foster Care Arrangements

1.5 Summary

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Study Design
2.2 Sample Design

3. PROFILE OF THE 1994 CHILD WELFARE POPULATION USING POINT IN TIME DATA

3.1 Characteristics of Children and Their Primary Caretakers
3.2 Case History Characteristics
3.3 Presenting Problems and Services Received
3.4 Summary

4. COMPARISON BETWEEN CHILDREN AND FAMILIES SERVED IN 1977 AND 1994 USING POINT IN TIME DATA

4.1 General Characteristics of Children and Families Served in the Child Welfare System
4.2 Characteristics of Children at the Time of Entry into the Child Welfare System
4.3 Characteristics of Children's Service Experience
4.4 Summary

5. FACTORS RELATED TO THE LENGTH OF TIME CASES RECEIVED SERVICES

5.1 Case Flow
5.2 Characteristics Related to Length of Time Cases are Served

5.2.1 Child Demographic and Case History Characteristics
5.2.2 Household Characteristics
5.2.3 Caretaker and Child Problems
5.2.4 Services Offered by Caseworkers

5.3 Summary

6. EXAMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO RECEIPT OF IN-HOME SERVICES VERSUS FOSTER CARE PLACEMENT

6.1 Child, Household, and Case History Characteristics

6.1.1 Demographic Characteristics
6.1.2 Household Characteristics
6.1.3 Case History Characteristics
6.1.4 Child and Family Problems
6.2 Services Offered and Provided to Children and Primary Caretakers
6.3 Kinship Foster Care Placement
6.4 Summary

7. RACE/ETHNICITY AS A FACTOR IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND CHILD OUTCOMES

7.1 Child, Household, and Case History Characteristics

7.1.1 Demographic Characteristics
7.1.2 Household Characteristics
7.1.3 Case History Characteristics
7.2 Child and Household Problems
7.3 Services Offered and Provided to Children and Primary Caretakers with Problems
7.4 Racial Differences in Foster Care Placement
7.5 Summary

8. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

LIST OF APPENDICES

Annual Data Frequencies

Table 1. Percentage distribution of children by selected characteristics

Table 2. Percentage distribution of children by selected household characteristics

Table 3.Percentage distribution of children by selected case history characteristics

Table 4. Percentage distribution of children by selected problems

LIST OF TABLES

3-1 Children's living arrangements

3-2 Disabling and health conditions of children

3-3 Child's relationship to primary caretaker

3-4 Age of primary caretaker

3-5 Primary caretaker's educational attainment

3-6 Employment status of primary caretakers and their partner/spouse and enrollment status in government programs

3-7 Documented number of abuse or neglect allegations

3-8 Types of documented substantiated maltreatment

3-9 Presenting problems of children

3-10 Presenting problems of primary caretakers

3-11 Household housing or neighborhood problems

3-12 Services that children and families received directly from caseworker

3-13 Services provided to children

3-14 Services provided to primary caretakers

3-15 Reasons why agencies did not provide service(s) to children and primary caretakers

4-1 Children receiving in-home services versus out-of-home services on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994 by race/ethnicity

4-2 The age children entered the child welfare system for cases open on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994 by race/ethnicity

4-3 The source of referrals to child welfare agencies for cases open April 1977 versus March 1994

4-4 Age entered foster care for cases open on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994 by race/ethnicity

4-5 The number of caseworkers assigned to children in 1977 and 1994

5-1 The number of cases entering and exiting the child welfare system over a one-year period

5-2 Length of time children in admission cohort were served: in-home services versus foster care placement

5-3 Duration groups for children in the child welfare system

5-4 Duration group by children's demographic characteristics

5-5 Duration group by children's case characteristics

5-6 Duration group by children's household characteristics

5-7 Duration group by caretakers' problems

5-8 Duration group by children's problems

5-9 Duration group by services provided by caseworkers to children and their families

5-10 Duration group by selective diagnostic or preventive services offered to children and their families

6-1 Children who received in-home services versus children placed in foster care

6-2 Length of time between case opening and child's placement into foster care

6-3 In-home services versus foster care placement by children's household characteristics

6-4 In-home services versus foster care placement by children's case history characteristics

6-5 In-home services versus foster care placement by selected problems

6-6 In-home services versus foster care placement by children who were offered health screenings and psychological assessments

6-7 Children in kinship foster care versus other foster care placements, by number of foster care placement settings

6-8 Children in kinship foster care versus other types of foster care placement, by number of foster care episodes

7-1 Selected household characteristics by race/ethnicity for children in the child welfare system

7-2 Selected case history characteristics by race/ethnicity

7-3 Selected problems by race/ethnicity

7-4 Type of placement and race/ethnicity by selected characteristics



LIST OF FIGURES

3-1 Children's age on March 1, 1994

3-2 Race/ethnicity of children in 1994 National Study and 1994 U.S. Population

3-3 Substance abuse treatment for primary caretakers with substance abuse problems

3-4 Parenting services for primary caretakers with inadequate parenting skills

3-5 Mental health services for primary caretakers with mental health problems

3-6 Educational services for primary caretakers not having a high school diploma

3-7 Housing services for caretakers who are homeless or experiencing a housing problem

4-1 Children served on April 1, 1977, and on March 1, 1994

4-2 Children receiving services by race/ethnicity in 1977 and 1994

4-3 Sources of income in 1977 and 1994

4-4 Age at entry into the child welfare system for children in the system on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994

4-5 Median length of time cases had been open in the child welfare system for all children and for children by race/ethnicity who were in the system on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994

4-6 Age entered foster care for cases open on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994

4-7 Median length of stay in foster care for all children and for children by race/ethnicity who were in care on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994

4-8 Living arrangements of children in foster care on April 1, 1977 and March 1, 1994

5-1 Children's length of stay in the child welfare system

5-2 Duration group by urbanicity

6-1 In-home services versus foster care placement by children's race/ethnicity

6-2 Racial/ethnic distribution of children in foster care placement

6-3 In-home services versus foster care placement by age children entered the child welfare system

6-4 In-home services versus foster care placement for caretakers with substance abuse problems by substance abuse services offered and provided

6-5 In-home services versus foster care placement for families with housing problems by housing services offered and provided

6-6 Children in placement by race/ethnicity

7-1 Racial/ethnic distribution of children served by the child welfare system during a one-year period (March 1, 1993-February 28, 1994)

7-2 Age at entry into the child welfare system by race/ethnicity

7-3 Age entered foster care by race/ethnicity

7-4 Caretakers with substance abuse problems who were offered substance abuse services by race/ethnicity

7-5 Caretakers with parenting problems who were offered parenting services by race/ethnicity

7-6 Families with housing problems who were offered housing services by race/ethnicity

7-7 Caretakers with mental health problems who were offered mental health services by race/ethnicity

7-8 Mean length of time in foster care